Fatigue, Stress & Workload

In the context of pilot decision-making, what describes the confirmation bias?

Which body system is primarily vulnerable to impairment due to pressure-related injury from gas expansion following rapid altitude loss?

A flight crew encounters unforeseen circumstances such as sudden adverse weather, mechanical issues, or unexpected air traffic congestion beyond the operator's control. Under these conditions, what is the maximum permissible extension allowed for their Flight Duty Period and Flight Time respectively?